Gaful / Tributum (Tribute & Rent in Kind)
OE gafol ('tribute, rent, payment') / Lat. tributum
Customary tribute, food-rent, or tenant dues payable in livestock, grain, honey, cheese, or silver by peasants and dependent estates to the lord or royal reeve.
Many ninth-century charters specify precise annual renders to be delivered to monastic refectories on major liturgical feasts.
Gewrit (Royal Writ)
OE gewrit < gewrītan ('to write, carve letters')
A concise, sealed administrative mandate in the vernacular addressed by the king to the bishop, ealdorman, and thegns of a shire-gemot, announcing a grant of land or judicial privilege.
Developed in late Anglo-Saxon England and sealed with the royal two-sided Great Seal, the writ revolutionised administrative governance and became the ancestor of all Anglo-Norman executive instruments.