Cassatus / Mansa / Manens
Lat. cassatus ('dweller with house') / mansa ('dwelling') / manens ('tenant')
The technical Latin diplomatic terms used interchangeably by Insular scribes to translate the Old English land unit *hide* (*hida*).
Charters typically describe estates as consisting of *decem cassatos* (ten hides) or *quinque mansas* (five hides) of land.
Hida (The Hide)
OE hīd < hīwisc ('household, family estate') / Lat. hida
The fundamental unit of land assessment in Anglo-Saxon England, representing the amount of arable land deemed necessary to maintain one household and family, nominally reckoned as 120 customary acres.
The hide served as the basis for public taxation (*Danegeld*), military recruitment (one soldier per five hides), and royal service across the realm.
Iugum (The Yoke)
Lat. iugum ('yoke of oxen') / OE geoc
A fractional land division in Kent equal to one-fourth of a *sulung* (or half of a standard hide), measuring approximately 50 to 60 acres.
Frequently granted in Kentish charters for small pasture allotments, salt-pans, or swine-pasture woodlots in the Weald.
Sulung (Kentish Double-Hide)
OE sulung / sulh ('plough, ploughland')
The distinctive land assessment unit of the Kingdom of Kent, representing the land that could be tilled by an eight-oxen plough team, equivalent to two West Saxon hides.
The sulung was divided into four yokes (*iuga*), reflecting the unique agrarian structure, partible inheritance (*gavelkind*), and administrative continuity of Kent.